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An independent study on real dispensers from hotel rooms, not in the lab. The conclusion changes the question: not “refill or not”, but “what does the product pass through before it reaches the guest’s hand”.

Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences examined 104 dispensers from hotel rooms in Germany: 57 refillable pump dispensers and 47 pressure dispensers without a pump. In 67% of the pump dispensers (38 of 57), the product was heavily contaminated with bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pluralibacter gergoviae. No product contamination was found in the pressure dispensers.
Water collects in the pump head and a biofilm forms; with every press, bacteria travel back into the product. After about 20 days, contamination rises significantly in conventional pumps. Correct refilling introduces no contamination; an open pump sustains it.
Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences; MicrobiologyOpen, 2023. Study commissioned by ADA Cosmetics.

